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Porcelain Tower of Nanjing
The Porcelain Tower (or Pagoda) of Nanjing (, or ), part of the former Bao'en Temple (), is a historical site located on the south bank of external Qinhuai River in Nanjing, China. It was a pagoda constructed in the 15th century during the Ming Dynasty, but was mostly destroyed in the 19th century during the course of the Taiping Rebellion. In 2010 Wang Jianlin, a Chinese businessman, donated a billion yuan (US$156 million) to the city of Nanjing for its reconstruction. This is reported to be the largest single personal donation ever made in China. It is featured as a world wonder in Civilization V.
== History ==
The Porcelain Tower of Nanjing was designed during reign of the Yongle Emperor (r. 1402-1424), shortly before its construction in the early 15th century. It was first discovered by the Western world when European travelers like Johan Nieuhof visited it,〔(Digital Library for the Decorative Arts and Material Culture )〕 sometimes listing it as one of the Seven Wonders of the World. After this exposure to the outside world, the tower was seen as a national treasure to both locals and other cultures around the world.〔(Porcelain Tower of Nanjing - Seven Wonders of the Medieval Mind )〕
In 1801, the tower was struck by lightning and the top four stories were knocked off, but it was soon restored. The 1843 book, ''The Closing Events of the Campaign in China'' by Granville Gower Loch, contains a detailed description of the tower as it existed in the early 1840s. In the 1850s, the area surrounding the tower erupted in civil war as the Taiping Rebellion reached Nanjing and the rebels took over the city. They smashed the Buddhist images and destroyed the inner staircase to deny the Qing enemy an observation platform. American sailors reached the city in May 1854 and visited the hollowed tower. In 1856, the Taiping destroyed the tower either in order to prevent a hostile faction from using it to observe and shell the city〔Jonathan D. Spence. ''God's Chinese Son'', New York 1996〕 or from superstitious fear of its geomantic properties.〔Williams, S. Wells. ''(The Middle Kingdom: a Survey of the Geography, Government, Literature, Social Life, Arts, & History of the Chinese Empire & its Inhabitants )'', Vol. 1. Scribner (New York), 1904.〕 After this, the tower's remnants were salvaged for use in other buildings, while the site lay dormant until a recent surge to try to rebuild the landmark.
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